Miscellaneous Letters Exchanged Between José Rizal and Others in January to June, 1895

 

 

 

–—

130. Rizal, Dapitan, 15 January 1895 || To Dr. Adolph B. Meyer

Remittance of another zoological collection - The duplicates are for Dr. K. M. Heller - With so many patients he has no time to attend to remittances.

 

131. K. M. Heller, Dresden, 5 February 1895

On the remittance of insects - Some spoiled by moths - New species of beetle sent to Rizal - Atonia ochroplagiata - One new variety among the 13 beetles - Rewarding result for science.

 

132. Napoleon M. Keihl, 7 March 1895

Another copy of Fauna de Nías - That the boys of Rizal collect insects - Locusts, beetles, blow-flies – Will publish his impressions of his trip in Spain.

 

133. Rizal, Dapitan, 14 March 1895 || To Mr. Mariano Pinili

The machine will arrive from America within two months.

 

134. Rizal, Dapitan, 14 March 1895 || To Dr. Adolph B. Meyer

Little difference between the wild boar and the domesticated hog - Rizal is very sorry he can no longer send specimens – He is very busy with so many patients - Possible change of his place of deportation.

 

135. Dr. Reinhold Rost, London, 26 April 1895

Fond memory of Rizal - The old librarian is suffering for his compulsory retirement - Encouraging the hero in his linguistic works - The Rost Collection on Philippine dialects - These are derived from the Tagalog or the Bisaya - The Malagasy language. The original letter 'is in English.

 

136. Rizal, Dapitan, 8 May 1895 || To Governor-General Blanco

Rizal requests his transfer to Spain - In order to restore his broken health - The departure of [Juan] Sitges contributes to this resolution - Sitges does not consider him anti-Spaniard - The government should not deny him the opportunity to earn his livelihood.

 

137. Governor-General Ramon Blanco, Manila, 1 June 1895

Blanco grants authorization to cultivate lands for the establishment of an agricultural colony near the gulf of Sindangan.

 

–—

 

130. Rizal, Dapitan, 15 January 1895 || To Dr. Adolph B. Meyer

Remittance of another zoological collection - The duplicates are for Dr. K. M. Heller - With so many patients he has no time to attend to remittances.

Dapitan, 15 January 1895

Dr. A. B. Meyer

My dear Doctor and Friend,

In the box that I am sending you, you will find a small collection of animals of various kinds that I have been able to collect. In one bottle there is a large green snake which is believed to be very dangerous. I should like to know your opinion if it is really poisonous. In the collection there is also a very curious fish that the people here call kumi; it has a plate flattened on its head.

In one bottle you will find various insects. I beg you to give the duplicates to Dr. [K. M.] Heller, the entomologist [connected with the University of Dresden - rly], for his collection.

I am afraid that my collections are very poor and of no value whatever, and for this reason I beg you to let pass sometime until I shall have more leisure at my command. At present I have so many patients that I have no time to attend to the remittances.

In wishing you a Happy New Year, I beg you to accept my most distinguished consideration.

Faithfully yours,

José Rizal

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131. K. M. Heller, Dresden, 5 February 1895

On the remittance of insects - Some spoiled by moths - New species of beetle sent to Rizal - Atonia ochroplagiata - One new variety among the 13 beetles - Rewarding result for science.

Dresden, 5 February 1895

My respectable Doctor,

It is almost two months now that I have received your last (second) remittance of insects without having informed you in detail about the matter.

In the first place I ought to inform you about the condition of the specimens which unfortunately leaves much to be desired. At that time you did not yet have my instructions and I hope that the next remittance will turn out better. A great number of the insects were moth-eaten and possibly this took place during the trip. Even those insects which were placed in the canes have suffered much from the bites of other insects and were mildewed. The insects were placed in the canes still fresh and some are in a state of decomposition for the exclusion of air that hindered their drying up. For easier handling I would recommend to you that the insects be preserved in brandy or alcohol. A large number of these can be put in a bottle, but the precaution must be taken to fill the bottle with pieces of cloth so that the insects may not be thrown from one side to the other.

With regard to the insects sent, I have to tell you now that what at the beginning was thought to be a new kind of butterflies, turned out that it was not. It was only a different variety of the specie that we did not have yet and consequently I presumed that it was a new class.

With great joy I inform you however that the last remittance contains a new species of beetles that you sent us under the title of miscellany.

Other better species are designated as Pandan beetles (Agestrata luzonica Esch.) and salaginto.

I will describe and photograph the new beetle, but as it arrived on the sixth ... and the species are very rich in varieties, some of which are very difficult to recognize, I believed, for practical reasons, not to dispense with giving it its name without choosing a name that also determined the variety, namely, Atonia (Trotaltien) achroplagiata. I do not have the least doubt that your next remittance will bring something new and I would then have the opportunity to fulfill my promise. If you succeed to make the natives collect, there would undoubtedly be found there many new varieties, for finding a new one among 13 beetles is an extraordinarily favorable result. If you succeed to collect some hundreds of beetles, the result would be very rewarding for science.

The insect that you believe has not been classified is one of the species of fire-flies of the genus Hotinus and it may be neither new nor rare.

You can imagine how anxious I am to receive your next remittance that Dr. [Alexander] Schadenberg already advised me about and I hope it will not be deposited in Manila for a long time. With the best greetings of

Yours very faithfully,

Dr. K. M. Heller

P.S.

       I also understand French, in case you wish to use this language.

 

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132. Napoleon M. Keihl, 7 March 1895

Another copy of Fauna de Nías - That the boys of Rizal collect insects - Locusts, beetles, blow-flies – Will publish his impressions of his trip in Spain.

Prague, Bohemia

7 March 1895

Mr. José Rizal,

My very distinguished Sir,

Your very pleasing letter dated Dapitan, 14 January 1895 has arrived in which you acknowledge the receipt of the little net, the photographs, and the sample butterflies except my book Rhopalocera der Insel Nias [Butterflies on the Island of Nias - rly], [01] and I request you to please let me know if that little book is already in your possession. If not, I will send you another copy.

With great, very great, pleasure I read that you will have the kindness to order your boys to collect insects. I must add that they can also catch locusts, beetles, and blow-flies which can be wrapped in paper like the butterflies, but they should be sent separately, not mixed with the butterflies. The locusts are killed etc. with alcohol or better with cyanide (cyankali, as we call it here).

I took photographs during my travels in Spain so that in case of the publication of my travel impressions, I could present to the reader some views. A tower more or less twisted does not matter, because the artist can correct such defects in his drawing. And so for me a photograph, even though bad, has more value than any drawing. Traveling horseback I penetrated valleys that are almost uninhabited and I took views of their panoramas never before photographed by the Spaniards.

I return to the twisted tower. It was not the fault of the lens but an error in my position as I could not find a point from where to take the view in a straight line. Here is a sketch:

A wall prevents me from standing farther back

 

 

Tower

 

 

 

Twisted objects are see thus

 

 

Tower

 

 

 

A wall

 

Tower

 

 

 

 

3 or 4 meters

From the ground

 

This is the proper position, but it was impossible.

Are the differences between the Tagalog and Bisayan languages very important?

If you need some books, tell me the titles and with the greatest pleasure I will send them to you.

Awaiting a pretty collection, carefully made, I remain at your command as your most attentive servant who kisses your hand,

Napoleon M. Keihl [A biologist with an interest in entomology from Prague, Boemia - rly]

Member, Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural

P.S.

       Mr. Fernando in Leitmeritz [Ferdinand Blumentritt - rly] was very glad that you had written me.

_______________

       [01] Rhopalocera is a division of Lepidoptera (insects and moths) including all the butterflies. They differ from other Lepidoptera in having club-shaped antennas.

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133. Rizal, Dapitan, 14 March 1895 || To Mr. Mariano Pinili

The machine will arrive from America within two months.

Dapitan, 14 March 1895

Mr. Mariano Pinili

My dear Sir,

I received your letter and I have the pleasure to inform you that I have already sent money to America about two months ago for the machine that you want.  As that country is far, I expect that the machine will be here within two months.

Without anything more, command your attentive servant who kisses your hand.

José Rizal

 

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134. Rizal, Dapitan, 14 March 1895 || To Dr. Adolph B. Meyer

Little difference between the wild boar and the domesticated hog - Rizal is very sorry he can no longer send specimens – He is very busy with so many patients - Possible change of his place of deportation.

Dapitan, 14 March 1895

Dr. A. B. Meyer

My dear and esteemed Friend,

Your letter of 15 December arrived here some days ago and I see that in spite of my good will the remittances do not arrive as they should.

The head of the wild boar is a genuine head of wild boar. You will see that there is no ground to doubt it. However, one ought to note that between the wild boars and the domesticated hogs that are found here very little difference that can be distinguished which would place the question in doubt. Either the wild boars of this country are no more than the domesticated hogs that have reverted to savagery or the domesticated hogs are nothing more than domesticated wild boars. These are the questions that can very well be asked. The wild boars that come every night to eat my coconuts differ little from those that I have at home. The only difference lies in the color, the leanness, the length of the canine teeth, and the hair,

[01] The "tarsius" already appears here and when I find an opportunity I shall send you one. We have neither armadillo nor porcupine. Antlers I can send you but I'm afraid that you'll find them also so ordinary as the others for they are like the Manila antlers.

I have received here the following books:

2 volumes (French) Mathematics

1 volume Natural History Collector

1 volume German Vocabulary

I volume Preparation and stuffing (of birds)

1 volume Malay Grammar

1 volume Kurschner's Lexicon

I beg you to kindly tell me the price of these books so that I'll know how much I'm already indebted to you. I say this because I hope to leave this place soon and since I don't know where I shall be transferred, so I should not request you for more books. Leave aside also the small craniometer instrument [used to measure the size of skulls or heads. - rly]. I believe they wouldn't allow me to leave them to the Subanos [a tribal group - rly].

With regard to the bamboo of Dr. [Wilhelm] Joest, I believe that it is very possible that it was used for betel chewing, the more so if you find lime in it. What the present inhabitants of this island have for this purpose are boxes made of carabao [water buffalo - rly] horn which look like this: In Luzon the old people have also bamboo but only for mixing and chopping areca nut, betel, etc. It looks like this:

bamboo                 iron or steel handle

The betel leaf together with areca nut and lime are placed in it and with the iron stick they are crushed and ground so that the toothless also can afterwards enjoy the chewing.

Without being aware of it I had written you in German. In order to answer your letter in a dignified manner, I wrote you in the same language in which your letter was written.

Permit me, my dear friend, to ask you once more to excuse me for sometime. For the present I am so busy with so many patients. They want to change the place of my deportation and I am in such confusion that I cannot devote myself to collecting as I should like. When everything shall be in order, I'll resume collecting.

While waiting, I remain as ever your sincere friend and devoted servant,

José Rizal

_______________

[01] The following four paragraphs are in German, the rest in French.  The portion in German is not found in the Spanish Epistolario Rizalino, vol. IV, pp. 234-235.

 

 

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135. Dr. Reinhold Rost, London, 26 April 1895

Fond memory of Rizal - The old librarian is suffering for his compulsory retirement - Encouraging the hero in his linguistic works - The Rost Collection on Philippine dialects - These are derived from the Tagalog or the Bisaya - The Malagasy language. The original letter 'is in English.

London, 1 Elsworthy Terrace

Primrose Hill, N.W.

26 April 1895

Mr. José Rizal

My Dear Doctor Rizal,

Your letter was received with jubilant rejoicing by the whole family. If we could but do something towards bringing you back here to settle permanently among us and be always with us, it would make all of us very happy. But that blissful consummation brooks no delay. For I am in my 74th year, and the worries and anxieties inflicted on me in consequence of my enforced retirement after so many years of loyal and self-devoted public service have severely told on my constitution, so that I now feel ten years older than I did, two years ago.

It is obvious that I should take a keen interest in your literary work. Your Tagalog Grammar should be published without delay. The minor philological essays may subse­quently be taken in hand and be brought out in a separate volume. An Asiatic Society has just been formed at the headquarters of the North Borneo Company, and I have no doubt but that they will be delighted to insert in their journal any literary communication you may be pleased to send to them. Otherwise I could always get your papers printed in the journals of the many Asiatic Societies with which I am connected. My own fine collection of works on the Philippine Languages has long since been made over to the library of the India Office where they will always remain accessible to scholars, whereas, if I had retained them, they would have been dispersed after my death. There was amongst them a grammar of the Ibanag language by Cuevas, which, though published about 70 years ago, could compete in philological acumen with the best productions of modern philology. I think you will bear me out when you have read the book. The many Philippine lan­guages belong, so far as I can see, to either the Tagalog or the Bisaya group, so that a comparative Grammar of the whole family would show that each language had to be arranged round either of the two clusters. What do you say?

There is another question which has long been exercising me, it concerns the Malagasy [a language of Malayo-Indonesian origin and spoken in Madagascar. - rly]. The position of this interesting language with regard to the other Malayan tongues has not yet been finally settled, though its affinity to the Philippine languages and those of Sumatra is generally admitted. In the hope of being able to work out this problem, I had gradually got together a mass of material on Malagasy. But as I have now to work for my living and have no time to indulge in luxuries I have had to sell my Malagasy books.

We are expecting Daisy with her husband (Benno Hultzsch) and her two children in a fortnight from Dresden, to stay with us part of May. Adolf [his son - rly] has now and then work to do, but not regularly, and he does not earn enough to maintain himself. A sculptor's profession is after all very precarious and uncertain. Ernest [his son - rly] passed his final examination in January, and was declared qualified to practice. He will try to get into the Indian Medical Service. But the competition for it is keen.

My wife continues to be a great sufferer both through her tumor and her heart complaint; but she bears wonderfully up and plies her busy hands all day long. Little Min looks after household matters, sings and plays. I hope we shall all still be together when you return amongst us.

Ever affectionately yours,

R. Rost

 

 

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136. Rizal, Dapitan, 8 May 1895 || To Governor-General Blanco

Rizal requests his transfer to Spain - In order to restore his broken health - The departure of [Juan] Sitges contributes to this resolution - Sitges does not consider him anti-Spaniard - The government should not deny him the opportunity to earn his livelihood.

Most Excellent Ramon Blanco y Erenas

Governor General of the Philippines

Most Excellent Sir,

Since Your Excellency had the kindness to promise me my transfer to Ilocos or La Union, many months have passed and your silence has allowed me to believe that serious difficulties have been encountered in the fulfillment of your promise. Then, in order to remedy my precarious situation and attend to my future, I requested Your Excellency two months ago for permission to open an agricultural colony near the gulf of Sindangan; [01] but as I did not receive either a direct or indirect reply and as the favorable season to till the soil has passed, I renounced resignedly this idea and I see that no alternative remains to me but to accept what Your Excellency had deigned to propose to me when you were here on board the Castilla, which is my passport to the Peninsula to restore my broken health.

The departure of Mr. [Captain Juan - rly] Sitges, Commander of this in order the public services. Undoubtedly his successor whom you will appoint will be as worthy and as gentlemanly as he, but I do not know if I shall have the same luck of being understood by him and of inspiring him with the same confidence. Mr. Sitges already knows that I am not anti-Spaniard as my enemies have wished to portray. I rejoice like any one else when I meet an honorable Spaniard, an active administrator, and a just official.

In a place then less poor than this one I could earn what is sufficient to maintain me and perhaps save for the future. The Government, in depriving me of my liberty, cannot deny me the right to earn my livelihood, and if some day it returns me to my home, as Your Excellency has indicated to me, I am sure that it will not rejoice in the idea of delivering to society a poor man, sick, needy, instead of what it took - a young man, full of hope, and in good health. In the Peninsula, since it cannot be in the Philippines, at least I can find health if not fortune.

I accept then gratefully my transfer to the Peninsula, [01] and I hope that Your Excellency will order it as soon as possible, for it is a humanitarian act proper to the lofty sentiments of Your Excellency. God, etc.

Dapitan Philippine Islands

8 May 189

X X X

From Musa (Ambrosio Flores) to the Venerable Master of the Modesta Lodge

Manila, 31 January 1895

Venerable Master: Greetings

Our very dear brother Dimas Alang (Jose Rizal) who, as you know is expiating [making atonement - rly] in Dapitan offences that he has not committed, has an authorization to change his residence so long as it is in any place in Spain and not in the Philippines. Together with this news we have also received the information that the said brother lacks absolutely means to undertake such a long trip.

Well now; can we remain indifferent before such needs and allow the generous Dimas to continue as an exile in Dapitan? Knowing your enlightenment and upright conscience I need not invoke the reasons that militate in favor of our brother, the reasons that impose upon us the inescapable duty of sharing his sorrows and his joys; but even if there were no other reasons, the highest reason of our convenience should suffice to us, for it is known that so long as Dimas Alang remains in the Philippines and despite his extreme prudence in not communicating with us, nor has he ever communicated with us, we shall always have hanging and menacing over our heads the sword of Damocles, inasmuch as our enemies have adopted the Machiavellian procedure of mixing his name in and attributing to him every iniquitous plot, any imaginary disturbance that they want to impute to us. [02]

(Signed) Muza (Ambrosio Flores)

Grand President

_______________

[01] Permission was granted about three months letter.  See Letter # 137 (letter following).

[02] According to Wenceslao E. Retana the letter ends by soliciting contributions for Rizal to take care of his subsistence until he is indefinitely established in some place and he can devote himself to the practice of his profession.

 

 

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137. Governor-General Ramon Blanco, Manila, 1 June 1895

Blanco grants authorization to cultivate lands for the establishment of an agricultural colony near the gulf of Sindangan.

Manila, 1 June 1895

Mr. José Rizal

Dapitan

My dear Sir,

The coming to this capital of the Politico-Military Commander of that district (Mr. Sitges) [01] was the reason why I have not answered before your petition to permit you to till the lands near the gulf of Sindangan for the establishment of an agricultural colony. As it was natural, I asked for information about the matter and my letter crossed with him on the way. During his stay here I attended to this case, and in view of his report, I have no inconvenience whatever in acceding to your wishes and I shall be very glad if the results that you may get will compensate you for your labors. etc. etc. …………..

Ramon Blanco y Erenas

Governor General of the Philippines

______________

[01] Captain Carnicero was succeeded by Captain Juan Sitges on May 4, 1893 as the Dapitan Commandant.

 

 

 

 

 

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